Course: Hygiene and Environmental Health Part 2

Topic outline

General
- About/License Page
- Pre-test Quiz
Topic 1
Provision of Safe Drinking Water
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- The public health importance of water Page
  The public health importance of water
- For drinking Page
  For drinking
- For food preparation and cooking Page
  For food preparation and cooking
- For hygiene Page
  For hygiene
- The hydrological cycle Page
  The hydrological cycle
- Criteria for satisfactory water Page
  Criteria for satisfactory water
- Sufficient quantity Page
  Sufficient quantity
- Safe and acceptable Page
  Safe and acceptable
- Physically accessible Page
  Physically accessible
- Affordable Page
  Affordable
- Vulnerability due to lack of satisfactory water provision Page
  Vulnerability due to lack of satisfactory water provision
- Population dynamics Page
  Population dynamics
- Poverty Page
  Poverty
- Climate change Page
  Climate change
- Globalisation Page
  Globalisation
- Major barriers to the provision of safe water Page
  Major barriers to the provision of safe water
- Lack of community capacity and engagement Page
  Lack of community capacity and engagement
- Lack of technological capacity Page
  Lack of technological capacity
- Lack of institutional capacity Page
  Lack of institutional capacity
- Insufficient financing Page
  Insufficient financing
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 2
Treatment of Drinking Water at Household and Community Level
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Waterborne diseases Page
  Waterborne diseases
- Causes of waterborne disease outbreaks Page
  Causes of waterborne disease outbreaks
- Water treatment Page
  Water treatment
- Small-scale water treatment systems Page
  Small-scale water treatment systems
- Household sand filter Page
  Household sand filter
- Cloth filtration Page
  Cloth filtration
- Other filtration methods Page
  Other filtration methods
- Solar disinfection Page
  Solar disinfection
- Chemical disinfection methods Page
  Chemical disinfection methods
- Boiling Page
  Boiling
- Safe storage Page
  Safe storage
- Large-scale water treatment Page
  Large-scale water treatment
- Chlorination Page
  Chlorination
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 3
Community Drinking Water Source Protection
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Sources of drinking water Page
  Sources of drinking water
- Rainwater Page
  Rainwater
- Surface water Page
  Surface water
- Groundwater Page
  Groundwater
- Planning the development and protection of sources of water Page
  Planning the development and protection of sources of water
- Assessing needs Page
  Assessing needs
- Water source identification Page
  Water source identification
- Water quantity Page
  Water quantity
- Sanitary surveys Page
  Sanitary surveys
- Health and hygiene education Page
  Health and hygiene education
- Water quality Page
  Water quality
- Types of well Page
  Types of well
- Protection of well water from pollution and contamination Page
  Protection of well water from pollution and contamination
- Contamination of well water Page
  Contamination of well water
- Spring source protection Page
  Spring source protection
- Rainwater source protection Page
  Rainwater source protection
- Surface water sources Page
  Surface water sources
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 4
Sanitary Survey of Drinking Water
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Rationale for a sanitary survey Page
  Rationale for a sanitary survey
- Elements of a sanitary survey Page
  Elements of a sanitary survey
- Water source (components, protection and condition) Page
  Water source (components, protection and condition)
- The use of water at home Page
  The use of water at home
- Vulnerability assessment at a water source Page
  Vulnerability assessment at a water source
- Source water quantity Page
  Source water quantity
- Sanitary survey of wells Page
  Sanitary survey of wells
- Sanitary survey of springs Page
  Sanitary survey of springs
- Sanitary survey of rainwater collection and storage Page
  Sanitary survey of rainwater collection and storage
- Water quality assessment Page
  Water quality assessment
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 5
Water Pollution and its Control
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Sources of water pollution Page
  Sources of water pollution
- Sediments and suspended solids Page
  Sediments and suspended solids
- Nutrients Page
  Nutrients
- Biological pollutants Page
  Biological pollutants
- Chemical pollutants Page
  Chemical pollutants
- Types of pollutant defined by their source Page
  Types of pollutant defined by their source
- Public health impacts of water pollution Page
  Public health impacts of water pollution
- Indicators of water pollution Page
  Indicators of water pollution
- Streams and rivers Page
  Streams and rivers
- Lakes Page
  Lakes
- Groundwater Page
  Groundwater
- Problems of using polluted water Page
  Problems of using polluted water
- Control of water pollution Page
  Control of water pollution
- Sampling methods for bacteriological testing Page
  Sampling methods for bacteriological testing
- Sampling procedure from a tap or pump outlet Page
  Sampling procedure from a tap or pump outlet
- Sampling procedure from a watercourse or reservoir Page
  Sampling procedure from a watercourse or reservoir
- Sampling procedure from dug wells and similar sources Page
  Sampling procedure from dug wells and similar sources
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 6
Introduction to the Principles and Concepts of Waste Management
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Basic principles and concepts of waste management Page
  Basic principles and concepts of waste management
- Liquid waste Page
  Liquid waste
- Solid waste Page
  Solid waste
- Public health importance of waste management Page
  Public health importance of waste management
- Main components of waste management Page
  Main components of waste management
- Liquid waste management Page
  Liquid waste management
- Solid waste management Page
  Solid waste management
- Compare the different waste management methods Page
  Compare the different waste management methods
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 7
Liquid Waste Management
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Types and sources of liquid waste Page
  Types and sources of liquid waste
- Management of liquid waste Page
  Management of liquid waste
- Human waste management Page
  Human waste management
- Sullage management Page
  Sullage management
- Industrial wastewater management Page
  Industrial wastewater management
- Runoff management Page
  Runoff management
- Collection, storage and treatment of liquid waste Page
  Collection, storage and treatment of liquid waste
- Septic tanks Page
  Septic tanks
- Anaerobic biogas reactor Page
  Anaerobic biogas reactor
- Centralised wastewater treatment systems Page
  Centralised wastewater treatment systems
- Choosing appropriate sanitation technologies Page
  Choosing appropriate sanitation technologies
- General principles Page
  General principles
- Questions to consider Page
  Questions to consider
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 8
Latrine Construction
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Types of latrine Page
  Types of latrine
- Pit latrine with slab Page
  Pit latrine with slab
- Advantages and disadvantages of pit latrines Page
  Advantages and disadvantages of pit latrines
- Siting, designing and constructing a pit latrine Page
  Siting, designing and constructing a pit latrine
- Maintenance of pit latrines Page
  Maintenance of pit latrines
- Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine Page
  Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine
- Constructing a VIP latrine Page
  Constructing a VIP latrine
- Maintenance of VIP latrines Page
  Maintenance of VIP latrines
- Ecological sanitation Page
  Ecological sanitation
- Arborloo - a single pit method Page
  Arborloo - a single pit method
- Fossa Alterna – a double pit method Page
  Fossa Alterna – a double pit method
- Cistern flush toilet Page
  Cistern flush toilet
- Pour-flush toilets Page
  Pour-flush toilets
- Aqua privy Page
  Aqua privy
- Urinals Page
  Urinals
- Handwashing facilities Page
  Handwashing facilities
- Your role in latrine construction Page
  Your role in latrine construction
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 9
Latrine Utilisation – Changing Attitudes and Behaviour
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Benefits of hygiene and sanitation behaviour change Page
  Benefits of hygiene and sanitation behaviour change
- Latrines Page
  Latrines
- Handwashing facilities Page
  Handwashing facilities
- Motivating people to change their behaviour Page
  Motivating people to change their behaviour
- Using model households Page
  Using model households
- Community motivation Page
  Community motivation
- Two approaches to communal behaviour change Page
  Two approaches to communal behaviour change
- Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) Page
  Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)
- Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Page
  Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
- Latrine utilisation monitoring and evaluation Page
  Latrine utilisation monitoring and evaluation
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 10
Solid Waste Management
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Sources and classification of solid waste Page
  Sources and classification of solid waste
- Hazardous waste Page
  Hazardous waste
- Functional elements of solid waste management Page
  Functional elements of solid waste management
- Onsite handling, storage and processing Page
  Onsite handling, storage and processing
- Collection, transfer and transport of solid waste Page
  Collection, transfer and transport of solid waste
- Resource recovery and processing Page
  Resource recovery and processing
- Disposal of solid waste Page
  Disposal of solid waste
- Integrated solid waste management Page
  Integrated solid waste management
- Reduction strategies Page
  Reduction strategies
- Reuse strategies Page
  Reuse strategies
- Recovery strategies: recycling, composting and energy Page
  Recovery strategies: recycling, composting and energy
- Final disposal: landfill, controlled tipping and burning Page
  Final disposal: landfill, controlled tipping and burning
- Surveying solid waste management Page
  Surveying solid waste management
- Summary Page
- Quiz
Topic 11
Healthcare Waste Management
- Introduction Page
- Learning Outcomes Page
- Sources and classification of healthcare waste Page
  Sources and classification of healthcare waste
- Public health importance of healthcare waste Page
  Public health importance of healthcare waste
- Hazards from infectious waste Page
  Hazards from infectious waste
- Management of hazardous healthcare waste Page
  Management of hazardous healthcare waste
- Waste handling Page
  Waste handling
- Waste minimisation Page
  Waste minimisation
- Segregation of healthcare waste Page
  Segregation of healthcare waste
- Recycling and reuse of healthcare waste Page
  Recycling and reuse of healthcare waste
- Use of safety boxes Page
  Use of safety boxes
- Packing healthcare wastes before disposal Page
  Packing healthcare wastes before disposal
- Waste storage Page
  Waste storage
- Steam sterilisation (autoclaving) Page
  Steam sterilisation (autoclaving)
- Incineration Page
  Incineration
- Chemical or high-level disinfection (HLD) Page
  Chemical or high-level disinfection (HLD)
- Final disposal: burial pits Page
  Final disposal: burial pits
- Anatomical waste and placentas Page
  Anatomical waste and placentas
- Prevention and control of risks to healthcare workers Page
  Prevention and control of risks to healthcare workers
- Planning and monitoring healthcare waste management Page
  Planning and monitoring healthcare waste management
- Summary Page
- Quiz