Topic outline
Topic 1
Cardiovascular Diseases
Function and composition of blood
Blood cells and plasma
Anatomy and physiology of the heart
The circulation of blood
The heartbeat
The blood vessels
The pulse
Blood pressure (BP)
What are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)?
What are the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases?
Heart failure
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Community approaches to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases
Action by individuals
Action at national and community level
Dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)
Mental health and chronic illness
Topic 2
Diabetes Mellitus
What is diabetes mellitus?
How the body regulates blood glucose levels
Hormones in glucose regulation
The pancreas
Insulin and its role in glucose regulation
Glucagon
Digestion of the main food groups
The liver in glucose regulation
The muscles in glucose regulation
Fats and diabetes
Symptoms and signs of diabetes
Classification of diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Injecting insulin
Risk factors for diabetes
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Self-care and diet for someone with diabetes
Maintaining a healthy diet
Topic 3
Cancers
Cells and cancer
What is a cancer?
The human body and cancer
Problems in diagnosing cancers from their symptoms
Risk factors for cancers
Cancer prevention through risk reduction strategies
Prevention of cancers caused by viruses
Breast cancer
Screening for breast cancer
Breast cancer treatment
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer screening
Care for a person with advanced cancer
Topic 4
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Bronchial Asthma
The human respiratory system
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The lungs in COPD
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Risk factors for COPD
Effects of COPD on the patient’s life
COPD screening at community level
Prevention of COPD
What is bronchial asthma?
Topic 5
Cataracts, Eye and Ear Injuries
Anatomy and function of the eye
Eyelids and eyelashes
Sclera and conjunctiva
Cornea, iris and pupil
Lens and aqueous humour
Retina
Cataracts
Recognition of cataracts
Classification and causes of cataract
Prevention of cataracts
Treatment of cataracts
Eye injuries
Causes and types of eye injuries
Supportive care in the case of eye injury
Trachoma
Ear injuries due to foreign objects
Topic 6
Oral Health
The oral cavity and oral health
The oral cavity
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Common oral diseases and their causes
Bacterial, viral and fungal infections in the mouth
Tooth decay
Fluorosis
Tooth abscesses, mouth ulcers and cold sores
Eroded or broken teeth
Oral cancer
Cleft lip and cleft palate
How can the burden of oral diseases be reduced?
Topic 7
Injury-Related Emergencies and Supportive Care
Acute injury and violence
Bleeding
External bleeding
Internal bleeding
Fractures
Types of fractures
Symptoms and signs of fractures
Supportive care for a bone fracture
Head and spinal injury
Causes, signs and symptoms of head and spinal injuries
Emergency care for someone with a head or spinal injury
Burns injuries
Common causes of burns
Classification of burns
Emergency care for people with serious burns
Multiple injuries, emergency transport and referral
Topic 8
Gastrointestinal Emergencies, Choking and Basic Life Support Techniques
Gastrointestinal emergencies
Appendicitis
Intestinal obstruction
Poisoning
Signs and symptoms of poisoning
Suicide by poisoning
First aid for a person with poisoning
Choking
Signs of choking
How to help someone who is choking
Basic life support techniques
The ABCDE-T approach