Topic outline
Topic 1
Provision of Safe Drinking Water
The public health importance of water
For drinking
For hygiene
The hydrological cycle
Criteria for satisfactory water
Safe and acceptable
Physically accessible
Topic 2
Treatment of Drinking Water at Household and Community Level
Waterborne diseases
Household sand filter
Cloth filtration
Other filtration methods
Solar disinfection
Chemical disinfection methods
Safe storage
Large-scale water treatment
Chlorination
Topic 3
Community Drinking Water Source Protection
Rainwater
Surface water
Groundwater
Water source identification
Health and hygiene education
Types of well
Protection of well water from pollution and contamination
Spring source protection
Topic 4
Sanitary Survey of Drinking Water
Water source (components, protection and condition)
The use of water at home
Vulnerability assessment at a water source
Source water quantity
Sanitary survey of wells
Sanitary survey of springs
Sanitary survey of rainwater collection and storage
Water quality assessment
Topic 5
Water Pollution and its Control
Sources of water pollution
Sediments and suspended solids
Nutrients
Biological pollutants
Types of pollutant defined by their source
Indicators of water pollution
Streams and rivers
Groundwater
Problems of using polluted water
Control of water pollution
Sampling procedure from a tap or pump outlet
Sampling procedure from a watercourse or reservoir
Sampling procedure from dug wells and similar sources
Topic 6
Introduction to the Principles and Concepts of Waste Management
Basic principles and concepts of waste management
Liquid waste
Solid waste
Public health importance of waste management
Liquid waste management
Topic 7
Liquid Waste Management
Types and sources of liquid waste
Human waste management
Sullage management
Industrial wastewater management
Septic tanks
Anaerobic biogas reactor
Topic 8
Latrine Construction
Types of latrine
Pit latrine with slab
Siting, designing and constructing a pit latrine
Fossa Alterna – a double pit method
Cistern flush toilet
Pour-flush toilets
Your role in latrine construction
Topic 9
Latrine Utilisation – Changing Attitudes and Behaviour
Benefits of hygiene and sanitation behaviour change
Latrines
Handwashing facilities
Motivating people to change their behaviour
Community motivation
Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)
Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
Topic 10
Solid Waste Management
Sources and classification of solid waste
Hazardous waste
Onsite handling, storage and processing
Integrated solid waste management
Reuse strategies
Recovery strategies: recycling, composting and energy
Final disposal: landfill, controlled tipping and burning
Topic 11
Healthcare Waste Management
Sources and classification of healthcare waste
Public health importance of healthcare waste
Segregation of healthcare waste
Recycling and reuse of healthcare waste
Use of safety boxes
Waste storage
Steam sterilisation (autoclaving)
Incineration
Final disposal: burial pits
Prevention and control of risks to healthcare workers
Planning and monitoring healthcare waste management