Topic outline
Topic 1
Health Services in Ethiopia
Organisation of health service delivery
Concepts of Primary Health Care
Principles of Primary Health Care
Elements of Primary Health Care
Health Service Extension Programme
Components of Health Service Extension Programmes
Millennium Development Goals
Achievements of the Ethiopian Health Service Extension Programme
Implementing the model family package
Implementing interventions at Health Post level
Topic 2
Management and Leadership in Community Healthcare
What is management?
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Division of labour
Focus on results not activities
Organising
Management levels
What do managers do?
Leadership functions
Topic 3
Planning Health Programmes
Planning processes
Strategic planning
Stages of operational planning
Situational analysis
Problem identification
Prioritisation
Setting objectives
Reviewing your objectives
Identify and sequence activities
Identify the resources
Prepare action plans and schedules
Monitoring
Topic 4
Implementing your Health Plans
Getting organised
Types of health team
Stages of team building
Leading a team
Different styles of leading a team
Motivating a team
Training your team
Conducting meetings
Topic 5
Monitoring and Control
Monitoring in healthcare management
The purpose of monitoring
Methods of gathering information for monitoring
Using a checklist
Supervision
Steps of managerial control
Establishing standards of performance
Measuring performance
Taking corrective action
Giving effective feedback
Topic 6
Management of Supplies at Health Post Level
Consumables
The importance of good maintenance
Ordering supplies to avoid wastage
Management of pharmaceutical supplies in your Health Post store
Why pharmaceutical supplies must be managed carefully
Education for the Health Post team
Topic 7
Principles of Healthcare Ethics
Ethical issues in healthcare work
Two important ethical theories
Truthfulness and confidentiality
Informed consent
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Justice
Topic 8
Ethical Dilemmas in Health Service Delivery
Ethical dilemmas and conflicts
Practitioner - client relationship
Privacy and confidentiality
Shared decision making
Allocation of scarce resources
Stigma and illness
Reproductive healthcare
Topic 9
Rights and Obligations of Health Extension Practitioners
Rights and obligations
Duties and obligations of Health Extension Practitioners
Providing a safe, competent and ethical service
Health and wellbeing
Choice
Confidentiality
Justice
Accountability
Topic 10
General Principles of Health Research and Introduction to Community Surveys
What is health research?
Quantitative and qualitative research
Censuses, large-scale surveys and community surveys
Cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys
Questionnaires, interviews and focus groups
Topic 11
Developing Your Community Profile
What is a community profile?
What is the purpose of the community profile?
Demographic data
Health service data
Data on knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP)
Topic 12
Data Collection and Analysis for Your Baseline Community Survey
Interviewing
Written questionnaires
Bias in data collection
Data analysis
Frequencies
Mean, median and mode
Proportion and percentage
Ethical considerations
Topic 13
Writing Your Community Profile Report and Moving on to Small-Scale Research
Components of a community profile report
Identifying problems for further investigation
Clarifying the problem of malaria infection in your community
Poor sanitary conditions: creating a research question
Community participation in prioritising health issues
Choosing which topic to research
Clarifying your research question
What other sources should you consult?
Research objectives
Topic 14
Research Strategies and Study Designs for Small-Scale Research
What is the study population?
Variables in health research
Observational and experimental studies
Cross-sectional studies
Case-control studies
Cohort studies
Selecting the appropriate study type to investigate a particular problem
Topic 15
Sampling Methods and Sample Size in Small-Scale Research
What is meant by sampling?
Why do you need a representative sample?
Probability sampling methods
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling
Quota sampling
Snowball sampling
Census sampling
Sample size
Topic 16
Extended Case Study on Health Management, Ethics and Research
Setting the scene for Alemitu’s case study
Collecting data for the community profile
Collecting epidemiological data and taking appropriate actions
Using community survey data to improve immunization coverage
Dealing with a measles outbreak